Mahmoud has lived his life trying to be invisible since the civil war started because in Syria that is how he can stay safe. The "refugee mahmoud summary" is a blog post that talks about how Mahmoud, an Iraqi refugee, traveled from Iraq to Germany. The IPD meta-analysis approach offers greater statistical power and precision to better understand the predictive nature of individual characteristics on treatment outcome.38 41 Furthermore, it also allows us to get a better estimate of overall effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, by pooling several large data sets together. This protocol was pre-registered in Open Science Framework (DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/WUHGF), and all individual RCTs were prospectively registered online (see table 1). Winhusen T, Winstanley EL, Somoza E, et al.. The Syrian refugee, who is based in the Netherlands, cherished the opportunity to play against some of the best badminton players in the world. Homework is scheduled between sessions and strategies are reviewed in each subsequent session. A common question iswhether asylum seekers can integrate into their new communities andcontribute to local life. The resulting dataset is analysed in one step, as if all participants, clustered within studies, belonged to a single trial. The results of this study will be published in international peer-reviewed journals, and will be made publicly available through the STRENGTHS website (www.STRENGTHS-project.eu). Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test, Trim and fill: a simple Funnel-Plot-Based method, Problems after flight: understanding and comparing Syrians perspectives in the Middle East and Europe. But it didn't work out. Related Tags. I would like to say to those near and far: The country is one, and will remain one, he said. The authoritys troops were also filmed on Wednesday blocking an Israeli military convoy from entering the city a scene so rare that many wondered on social media whether it had been staged. "Let us define ourselves . Patient and public involvement: Patients and/or the public were involved in the design, or conduct, or reporting, or dissemination plans of this research. Mahmoud has already had a lot of experience dealing with the trauma of war . Josef Landau is a twelve-year-old boy living in Berlin. Typical features include the duration of the intervention (ie, few sessions instead of lengthy treatment programmes), the target of the intervention (ie, transdiagnostic instead of focused on a single disorder), and the delivery agent (ie, task-shifting to non-specialist providers).17 19, One of the interventions that is currently being tested by the STRENGTHS consortium is Problem Management Plus (PM+), which can be delivered by trained and supervised non-specialists to reduce psychological distress in communities affected by adversity.20 The first randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on PM+ have been conducted in communities affected by violence in Pakistan and Kenya,2123 and in a disaster-prone community in Nepal.24 PM+ for individuals led to improvements in anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psychosocial functioning and self-identified problems 3months after the intervention.21 23 Although PM+ wasmore effective in reducing symptoms of common mental disorders, it was also costlier compared with CAU alone.25 PM+ delivered in groups (gPM+) to women in Pakistan was effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety, depression, and self-identified problems, but not for symptoms of PTSD.22 In Nepal, gPM+for men and women was also associated with improvements in psychological distress, depression and heart-mind problems, but not for psychosocial functioning and symptoms of PTSD.24 Another non-specialist delivered intervention based on PM+ that is currently being tested by the STRENGTHS consortium is the digital Step-by-Step (SbS) intervention.26 SbS is a minimally guided e-mental health intervention with e-helper support. More about Hiba Yazbek, A version of this article appears in print on, Palestinian Leader Visits City Israel Raided, Trying to Signal Strength, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/12/world/middleeast/mahmoud-abbas-jenin-israel-palestinian-authority.html. An Iraqi refugee recently told me how he and many other Iraqi refugees have become more religious since arriving in Britain; he added, Our faith has helped keep us sane.. Around a thousand elite troops from the Palestinian Authority secured the area ahead of Mr. Abbass trip. In a two-stage approach, Cohens d will be calculated for all outcomes for every single trial separately (step 1), and will then be combined to calculate the pooled effect sizes using the random-effects model (step 2).70. The expert board is regularly consulted on the quality of the results and output of STRENGTHS, as well as on the dissemination and exploitation of the results. However, individual differences in symptom severity, sociodemographic background, comorbidities, living circumstances and life events may result in individual differences in treatment response. Other exclusion criteria in Switzerland include being under guardianship and inability to follow study procedures. Senior aides to Mr. Abbas, including a government minister, were occasionally forced to push back onlookers themselves. It may sometimes look like that, but Mahmoud still breaks into tears when he thinks about what he's been through in his ten short years. Personally, I think that the people of Europe do want their leaders to act with compassion, and for human dignity to be something that every person gets to experience. Finally, there is Mahmoud, the main character in this book report. Despite the heavy police presence, the visit was chaotic and Mr. Abbass guards struggled to keep crowds of curious residents at a safe distance. Mahmoud begs the passengers to at least take his baby sister, insisting that "she won't take up any room." In each of these stories, the boat offers a means to transform the characters' lives.. The World Health Organizations (WHO) scalable psychological interventions, such as Problem Management Plus (PM+) and Step-by-Step (SbS) are designed to be cost-effective non-specialist delivered interventions to reduce symptoms of common mental disorders, such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Second, study participants reside in different settings, including refugee camps with limited access to mental healthcare, and community settings in high-income countries where specialist services are widely available although not always easily accessible to refugees. Fisher DJ, Carpenter JR, Morris TP, et al.. Meta-analytical methods to identify who benefits most from treatments: daft, deluded, or deft approach? At this moment, all pilot trials have been completed, with sample sizes ranging from 46 to 64 (total N=302). Refugees find intrusive the attempt to professionalise and pathologise their experiences. A convoy carrying Mr. Abbas leaving the neighborhood known as the Jenin refugee camp. The GRADE Working Group , 2013. GENEVA, 17 April (UNHCR) Mahmoud is just a boy. Josef (Berlin, Germany-1938) to Mahmoud (Aleppo, Syria-2015) Josef (Berlin, Germany-1939, 1 day from home) to Mahmoud (Aleppo, Syria-2015) . Mr. Abbas has not held national elections for 17 years, the Palestinian Parliament has not met for more than a decade, and Mr. Abbas now rules by decree. The right way is resistance. Collaborators: Martha Bird, Martine van den Dool, Cansu Mirzanl, Trudy Mooren, Egbert Sondorp, Nana Wiedemann, and Aniek Woodward, MENTAL HEALTH, Anxiety disorders, Depression & mood disorders, {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT03830008","term_id":"NCT03830008"}}, {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT04574466","term_id":"NCT04574466"}}, {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT03567083","term_id":"NCT03567083"}}, {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT03960892","term_id":"NCT03960892"}}, Trends at a glance: global trends forced displacement in 2019, The contemporary refugee crisis: an overview of mental health challenges, Assessing the Sheltering response in the middle East: studying Syrian camps in Jordan, Considering chronic uncertainty among Syrian refugees resettling in Europe, Association of torture and other potentially traumatic events with mental health outcomes among populations exposed to mass conflict and displacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Challenging future, challenging past: the relationship of social integration and psychological impairment in traumatized refugees, Global trends forced displacement in 2020. Within half an hour of his departure, Mr. Abbass elite troops had vanished. Isabel's family had worked in secret all night with the Castillos, worried someone might hear them, but apparently, everybody else had been doing the same thing. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Mahmoud's father has been impressed by how quickly his son has embraced his new home, observing that it's as though he's been in Sweden all his life. About 87 percent of the Palestinian refugees displaced from Syria to Lebanon suffer from absolute poverty. Measuring depression over time or not? The STRENGTHS consortium aims to evaluate the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and implementation of the individual format of PM+ andits group version (gPM+), as well as of the digital SbS intervention among Syrian refugees in seven countries in Europe and the Middle East. Support also arises as a theme in Mahmoud's storyline when he leads refugees across Hungary . Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement, Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. For me, these videos give me heart. Derogatis LR, Lipman RS, Rickels K, et al.. Two police officers attending the speech fainted in the heat, as temperatures neared 100 degrees Fahrenheit. LitCharts Teacher Editions. The IPD meta-analysis will be conducted according to the intention-to-treat principle (ie, all randomised participants will be included in the analyses). We wanted to show our respect to him as a city because it would have been a disgrace for us not to. In high-income countries, this includes referral to (specialised) mental health services through primary care practitioners (eg, general practitioner). A common question iswhether asylum seekers can integrate into their new communities andcontribute to local life. Due to their exposure to potentially traumatic events and other stressors before, during, and after displacement, refugees are at risk of developing mental disorders.69 However, health systems are often under-resourced to respond to the mental health needs of refugee populations, especially in low-income and middle-income countries, where health systems are already overburdened.10 11 The rapidly escalated refugee crisis also poses challenges for health systems in well-resourced settings in Europe,12 where mental health services are underused due to barriers such as communication difficulties and fear of stigma, and access is hampered by lack of culturally appropriate mental health services and long wait lists.1315, The Syrian REfuGees MeNTal HealTH Care Systems (STRENGTHS) research consortium aims to evaluate the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and implementation of scalable psychological interventions among Syrian refugees in Europe and the Middle-East.16 The interventions have been developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to scale up coverage for priority conditions, including depression and anxiety,17 to improve access to mental health and psychosocial support in resource-constrained settings.18 Scalable interventions are strongly protocolised and use evidence-based psychological techniques from therapies such as cognitivebehavioural therapy and interpersonal therapy. Competing interests: DM: Payment to institution for advice (not related to the interventions evaluated in STRENGTHS) given to the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy in January 2022. The .gov means its official. stun TB, Kostansjek N, Chatterji S, eds. Mahmoud is beaten up by the local kids for being Syrian, he's unable to gain a place in a school, and his father can't see a way for his son to have a future. A safe, normal life seemed like an impossible dream, then Sweden stepped up and offered Mahmoud and his family asylum. This type of approach to healing is not commonly recognised outside Western societies. Mahmoud's father. and transmitted securely. Mahmoud is 13 years old in 2015, and lives in Aleppo, Syria with his father Youssef, his mother Fatima, his 10-year-old brother Waleed, and his infant sister Hana. Merci de vous tre inscrit en tant qu'un Global Citizen. AG, PC, CA, AA, MSA, MAo, MAw, AB, FB, RB, SB, KC, AD, ME, DF, PH, EH, LG, MH, JH, ZI, MJ, NK, CK, GK, SM, DM, NM, HN, AP, MP, BR, MSch, US, FS, JS, KT, EU, PV, CW, AW and MSij all provided input for the study design. Available: guidelinedevelopment.org/handbook. Treatment conditions are further explained below. But perhaps most importantly, communities who embrace asylum seekers receive the satisfaction of changing lives and being a local town that is a global citizen. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Mr. Abbass brief visit on Wednesday widely reported as his first to Jenin in more than a decade was a belated effort to rebuild his standing, as well as that of the authority itself. He is quiet and unobtrusive.. able "to walk around getting noticed by the Syrian army or the rebels fighting them was just inviting trouble" (12). Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. But towards the end of Mahmoud's story, when it feels as if his family has been defeated and are forced to stay in the detention center, Mahmoud realizes, "It was better to . Mahmoud told his dad that he wanted to board a boat and go to Italy, where he'd have a chance to go to school. Si aucune adresse e-mail n'est associe votre compte Facebook, vous devrez y remdier avant de pouvoir vous inscrire. The strategies that are introduced in this 5-week intervention include psychoeducation and trying small and pleasant activities (session 1), behavioural activation (session 2), stress management (session 3), accessing social support (session 4) and positive self-verbalisation and relapse prevention (session 5). Mahmoud's mother was too insensible to speak, so Mahmoud told his father how . Waleed was there too, in the back under a foil thermal blanket, and soon Mahmoud and his mother were out of the water and wrapped in the foil blankets too, what little body heat they still had left reflected back at them. Refugee families have psychological strengths. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Reference Centre for Psychosocial Support, Copenhagen, Denmark, 11 Afin de crer votre compte, veuillez nous fournir votre adresse e-mail. The book Refugee by Alan Gratz is about three refugees. They receive monthly supervision by a PM+ master trainer.20. Six months later, his mother receives a telegram that her husband has been released, but the family must leave Germany immediately. Similar to the individual RCTs, the primary outcomes in this IPD meta-analysis will be symptoms of depression and anxiety at 3-month follow-up, measured by the subscales of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25).5254 Secondary outcomes include daily functioning (WHODAS 2.0), PTSD symptoms (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5; PCL-5),55 and self-identified problems (PSYCHLOPS).56 Measures were selected based on their acceptable validity and reliability in refugee and Arabic-speaking groups, as well as their availability in the Arabic language and prior use with Syrian refugees.45 46 53 54 57 58 We will also examine these outcomes at the 1-week post-assessment and 12-month follow-up. Personally, I think that the people of Europe do want their leaders to act with compassion, and for human dignity to be something that every person gets to experience. Mr. Kingsley and Ms. Yazbek attended President Abbass speech in person and spoke afterward with residents of Jenin. Division of Clinical-Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 5 Mahmoud becomes so sick of having nowhere to stay that he runs into the street to stop cars and ask them for help. Accessibility But it didn't work out. The .gov means its official. Acarturk C, Konuk E, Cetinkaya M, et al.. SbS is a five-session, digital self-help intervention for iOS, Android and Web platforms, aimed at reducing depressive symptoms. Recruitment has been completed for the fully powered trials in Turkey (N=369), Jordan (N=410) and Egypt (N538). Assessments are conducted at baseline, 1week after the intervention, 3months after the intervention and 12 months after baseline. The flags largely obscured those of rival movements, like Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad, two Islamist groups that wrested control of the Gaza Strip from Mr. Abbas in 2007. 151 - 181. As his new school teacher says, he's really just like any other kid in the classroom. In order to create your account we need you to provide your email address. Mental health of displaced and refugee children resettled in high-income countries: risk and protective factors, Building back better: sustainable mental health care after emergencies, Treatment gap and mental health service use among Syrian refugees in Sultanbeyli, Istanbul: a cross-sectional survey, Migrants' and refugees' health status and healthcare in Europe: a scoping literature review, Mental health care utilisation and access among refugees and asylum seekers in Europe: a systematic review, Structural and socio-cultural barriers to accessing mental healthcare among Syrian refugees and asylum seekers in Switzerland, Psychological trauma and access to primary healthcare for people from refugee and asylum-seeker backgrounds: a mixed methods systematic review. In this book, you follow all of these characters' refugee journeys. Session 5 focuses on relapse prevention. Helpers/group facilitators in Switzerland, the Netherlands and Turkey also needed to be proficient in English or the local language (ie, German, Dutch or Turkish). As a result, the Israeli Army has increased its raids on the city and the wider region, like the one last week that killed at least 12 Palestinians. To calculate cost-effectiveness, in addition to documented resources required for intervention delivery, we will examine the pooled changes in resource use associated with use of health-related services, and time out of usual activities that have been collected using an adapted version of the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI).59 All measures were pilot tested using cognitive interviews with members of the target community.34. The Hopkins symptom checklist (HSCL): a self-report symptom inventory, The arabic validation of the Hopkins symptoms Checklist-25 against mini in a disadvantaged suburb of Beirut, Lebanon, Psychometric properties of the online Arabic versions of BDI-II, HSCL-25, and PDS. Individual patient- versus group-level data meta-regressions for the investigation of treatment effect modifiers: ecological bias rears its ugly head. But in recent years, areas of Jenin and other parts of the northern West Bank have become dominated instead by Palestinian militias that reject Mr. Abbass leadership and conduct frequent attacks on Israelis. Cost-effectiveness acceptability curves will be generated to showing the likelihood that intervention is cost-effective at different willingness-to-pay thresholds. However, today I have become a refugee who was expelled from places." Like Abdullah, thousands of Syrian refugee . Missing values for outcome data will be estimated under the missing-at-random assumption, using multiple imputation (100 imputations).68 69 To estimate the missing values, valid predictor variables such as individual clinical and socio-demographic variables will be used (eg, distress levels at baseline, age, gender). National Library of Medicine After arriving by helicopter at around noon from Ramallah, one of the few pockets of the West Bank where Mr. Abbas exerts tight control, he visited a neighborhood known as the Jenin refugee camp, a militant stronghold that was widely damaged during the Israeli raid. The climax for Mahmoud, Waleed, Hana,. One of the three protagonists of the book, alongside Josef and Isabel. In 1938, his home is raided by Nazi storm troopers, and his father is taken to the Dachau concentration camp. National Library of Medicine Lack of unidimensionality and longitudinal measurement invariance in four common rating scales of depression, Response shifts in mental health interventions: an illustration of longitudinal measurement invariance, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, bmjopen-2021-058101.reviewer_comments.pdf, https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/85014, https://www.unhcr.org/flagship-reports/globaltrends/, http://www.who.int/mental_health/evidence/mhGAP/en/, http://www.who.int/entity/mental_health/emergencies/problem_management_plus/en/index.html, STRENGTHS criteria; Current receipt of specialised psychological treatment, STRENGTHS criteria; Being under guardianship; Inability to follow study procedures, STRENGTHS criteria + Arabic-speaking refugees 18+yrs, STRENGTHS criteria + Having a child or dependent aged 1016years. 2 No one wanted this visit, said Mr. Owais, 18, in an interview. E-helpers are university students trained and supervised by mental health professionals on basic helping skills, providing basic support, and on the identification, assessment and management of risk and (serious) adverse events. On April 12, members of Mahmoud Abbas's Fatah faction in Lebanon used force to disperse dozens of Palestinians who were demonstrating outside the PA embassy in Beirut. The individual PM+ intervention consists of five 90min sessions. The RCTs include Syrian refugees of 18 years and above with elevated psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10>15)) and impaired daily functioning (WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0>16)).